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The model developed in this study is not intended to replace these efforts but, rather, by incorporating data generated from these surveys, given planners a method to easily visualize alternative planning landscapes. This is important for planners because it can accommodate values of noncommercial land uses in a more meaningful way. Due to the lack of suitable data, audit costs were assumed to be equivalent to certification audit costs, which vary depending on the size of the management unit.
However, to simulate the PPF curves and investigate the tradeoffs among competing land uses, we used annual profits i.
We also estimated the rent distribution between concessionaires and the government. Developing this information is an important priority for public forests planning. Figure 6 b shows the same results for areas assigned to biodiversity conservation. Zoning decisions in public forests, assuming that logging is the only revenue-generating activity, will create opportunity costs in terms of lost NPV.
Equation 1 is then modified and the objective of dw program becomes maximizing profits from concessions constrained by a minimum number of stands—or a minimum score—assigned to alternative land uses.
lei 11284 de 2006 pdf file
The same explanation given for the NPV curves in the last section is valid in explaining why MOCs for community use are larger than MOCs for biodiversity conservation since areas with potential for community use in the case of FSF are located near to roads and rivers and have higher profitability for logging.
The remaining stands cannot be harvested due to high slopes. Obviously, as the number of stands assigned to alternative land uses such as biodiversity conservation and use by communities is increased, the number of stands logged, timber volume harvested, and profits from logging decrease. Each stand within a public forest is assumed to have an exclusive land use—a strong assumption given that many areas might have overlapping uses.
In a given public forest, government seeks to maximize profits from logging. Although this work was reviewed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official agency policy.
The volume harvested is constrained by the available merchantable timber volume in the forest and the milling capacity of the logging centers surrounding the public forest.
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However, we do permit the planner to specify the minimum number of stands allocated to each land use within the forest. For decisionmaking purposes, it is important to be able to estimate the royalty rate that permits the logging firm to just satisfy participation constraints.
In the first set of model runs that follow, we first assume that the spatial distribution dee mills remains static. These opportunity costs are not uniform across every management decision.

While generating optimal land use configurations, the model enables an assessment of the market and nonmarket tradeoffs associated with different land use priorities. Every three years the interval represented byBrazilian law requires independent audits of concessionaire performance within the concessions.
The model has several potential uses.
Percentage of stands harvested within Faro State Forest with an increasing number of stands converted to other land uses from current logging centers a and from closer urban centers b. For simplicity, we assume that constant returns to scale across all land uses and no agglomeration effects between any stand and the spatial composition of the forest.
The experience across other countries shows that this assumption is extremely optimistic as governments have generally captured only a small proportion of the total rents [ 2829 ]. The software used in the analyses was GAMS Abstract Logging in natural forests is a vital economic activity in the Brazilian Amazon. If the stand is harvested, the timber will travel to at least one of mills located in logging centers denoted by. It is important to note that, because of data limitations, prices and costs are assumed to be constant throughout the analysis, even though regional and local timber markets will be affected if 206 quantities 1124 legal timber become available.
Fourth, at the landscape level, this model can help to determine the optimum level of timber production and spatial distribution of alternative land uses from public lands within a given region by taking into account future production trends of the logging industry.

View at Google Scholar R. The Forest Planning Optimization Model We begin by establishing the 1124 selective logging timber supply problem, where the decision variables determine the amount of volume per ha to harvest. Volume harvested within Faro State Forest by timber value class with an increasing number of stands converted to other land uses from current logging centers a and from closer urban centers b.
Three maps of profitability of logging were generated for the three timber value classes considered: The major challenge facing public planners now lies in allocating land across multiple uses to meet multiple objectives, often with little information about socioeconomic and biological conditions.
Figures 4 a and 4 b show the share of the profits for loggers and government under this assumption. However, as a result of diminishing returns from management effort for multiple activities within the same stand, landscape-scale multiple use planning is perhaps most efficient when each stand has a unique use [ 13 ].
The second scenario investigates the dee of varying the weights for stands potentially assigned to nonlogging land uses. Figures 6 c and 6 d 11284, otherwise, show the same curves considering the scenario with differentiated weights among stands with potential for community use and biodiversity conservation.
International Journal of Forestry Research
To receive news and publication updates for International Journal of Forestry Research, enter your email address in the box below. Same effect is valid for biodiversity conservation. In the remaining area, only high-value species would be logged. In other words, the economic model maximizes the annual profits originated from the annual allowable area for harvest of
