ASTM A384 PDF

This standard is issued under the fixed designation A/AM; the number 1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A05 on Metallic-. In all cases only the current version of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document. Designation: A – 76 (Reapproved ) . ASTM A – A M – 02 – Download as PDF File .pdf), Text File .txt) or read online.

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This abstract is a brief summary of the referenced standard. Suggested corrections for panel fabrication are detailed. Avoid Susceptible Thin Sheet Steels Steel invariably contains internal stresses induced at the mill from rolling operations used to bring structures, plate, and sheet to the q384 thickness. Welding results in significant residual stress in small areas of an assembly due to the extreme temperature differences experienced.

It is informational only and not an official part of the standard; the full text of the standard itself must be referred awtm for its use and application. Necessary precautions to fabricate properly and prepare the material for galvanizing aetm prevent embrittlement are described in Practice A All efforts should be made to keep the stresses in the construction as low as possible right from the beginning to enable the steel to absorb the internal stresses completely.

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A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Thls stendard Is subject to revision at any tlme by the responsible technical commHtee and must be reviewed every five w384 and H not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. It is recommended that welding procedures be carried out in conformancewith the pertinent specificationsof the American Welding Society.

Within the text of this specification and aatm appropriate, SI units are shown in parentheses. The following displays various methods to reduce or eliminate the potential for warpage and distortion. The following can cause warpage and distortion: Historical Version s – view previous versions of standard.

Referenced Documents purchase separately The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. In the case of sheet metal, the product which has a right-angle bend in the sheet metal itself will remain flatter and be freer w384 distortion if the radius awtm the bend is as large as practicable.

Therefore, steel thicknesses should vary as little as possible throughout the assembly. The overall amount of welding can be minimized by using bolted connections or performing assembly after hot-dip galvanizing.

I the f frame has to be dipped one half at a time, it will be better to have the sheets galvanized, rolled flat after galvanizing, and assembled to the galvanized frame by the use of aluminum alloy or galvanized rivets.

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This will prevent the rusting of the surfaces which are so connected that molten zinc cannot circulate through the crevices to galvanize the contacting surfaces. Symmetrical sections such as I-beams and tubing will be less likely to distort than asymmetrical pieces camber beams, channels, tees, custom beams, girders because the thermal expansion forces above and below the natural axes balance each other.

This is not true of an I-beam, pipe, H-column, or any other section that is symmetrical about both its major axes. Where excessive cold working or tight bend radii cannot be avoided, the product should be stress relieved per the guidelines provided within ASTM A, Section 6. In nearly every case, regardless of size, channels require straightening after galvanizing.

This specification deals with safeguarding against warpage and distortion during hot-dip galvanizing of steel assemblies. When two steels of different thicknesses are assembled and brought up to galvanizing temperature, the thinner steel heats up and expands more quickly than the thicker steel.

The design and fabrication of the product to be galvanized are the responsibilities aztm the designer and the fabricator.

Optimize Welding Before Hot-Dip Galvanizing Welding results in significant residual stress in small areas of astj assembly due to the extreme temperature differences experienced.

Steel invariably contains internal stresses induced at the mill from rolling operations used to bring structures, plate, and sheet to the final thickness. Additionally, the installation of diagonal members should be performed after galvanizing.

A – 76 Reapproved Standard Practice awtm Safeguarding Against Warpage and Distortion During A3384 Galvanizing of Steel Assemblies’ This standard is issued under the fixed designation A ; the number immediately foliowing the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.

ASTM does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents of this abstract are accurate, complete or up to date. Common distorted and warped members of assemblies are sheets or plates assembled by welding or riveting.

ASTM A384 Recommendations

Furthermore, cylindrical structures are less likely to warp or distort than rectangular or elliptical ones. Oftentimes sheet or plate can be returned to a flattened state using a jig or by weighing the product down on a flat surface during the cool-down. Link to Active This link will always route to the current Active version of the standard.

These rivets can be countersunk or flat z384 if the protruding head of the ordinary button or round head rivet is objectionable. Minimize Thick and Thin Material in the Same Assembly When two steels of different thicknesses are assembled and brought up to galvanizing temperature, the thinner atm heats up and expands more quickly than the thicker steel.

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Suggested Corrections for Panel Fabrication 4. A superscript epsilon E indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. Last previous edition A – Originally published as A – 55 T. Inch pounds and SI units are not necessarily exact equivalents.

Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Asymmetrical Design Symmetrical sections such as I-beams and tubing will asmt less likely to distort than asymmetrical pieces camber beams, channels, tees, custom beams, girders because the thermal expansion forces above and below the natural axes balance each other. Channels and other nonsymmetrical sections should be avoided for the framework of a sheet metal assembly that is to be hot-dip galvanized whenever it is possible to use symmetrical shapes or sections.

After galvanizing, these products should be air cooled instead of quenched to minimize induced stress from the cooling cycle. Practice ASTM A provides guidance on safeguarding against warpage and distortion for optimum hot-dip galvanizing and shall be complied with in both design and fabrication.

Current edition approved Oct. Where qstm before galvanizing cannot be avoided, the internal stresses in the connections can be minimized by avoiding joint designs or weld lengths which are greater than statically required, and by placing welds near to and symmetrically around the neutral axis – aligning welds so that shrinkage and opposing forces are balanced rather than all pulling in the same direction.

Wherever possible, galvanize thick and thin portions separately and join them after galvanizing. In welding any intermediate lengths along one side of a common member, care should be taken to prevent aastm of the common member due to the application of high heat on the same side at various intervals along its length.

If the angie steel frame and sheets are punched prior to galvanizing the recommended procedurethe use of drift pins to bring the holes into alignment asmt be avoided as far as possible at the time the sheets and frame are assembled.

Specify symmetrically rolled sections instead of angle or channel frames.

Factors in Warpage and Distortion 3.

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