ANDISHE ESLAMI 2 PDF

download ketabeh andisheh eslami 2. Identifier AndishehEsslami2. Identifier-ark ark://t7tn27m5v. Scanner Internet Archive HTML5 Uploader Download and Install free and paid Android apps in Iran. Ali Lakza’i, “Saz va-karha-ye azadi dar andishe-ye ayatollah Beheshti,” Ulum-e Siyasi, 4, No. 13 (Spring Jomhuri-ye Eslami, 2 1 June Ghazali.

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Naturally, they do not personally involve in the process of redistribution of wealth and do not directly experience the positive results of their financial contribution to the betterment of life of the lower class society.

Andisheh Esslami 2

They are introduced as means of crises-solving by the state [23]. Tax on utilization of natural resources such as khoms on mining, zakat on camel, cow, and sheep. Redistribution of wealth and the adjustment of the share of different social groups and classes from the total national income in a fairer way are two important ends in the Islamic taxation system.

Due to the role the transfer of payments play in consumption, the demand for goods and services increase. In Islamic system, however, tax payers are allowed to personally spend the tax where it should be spent without the mediation ajdishe the government with prior permission of the Muslim ruler or Islamic Authority. It goes without saying that eslaami taxation such as tax on consumption purchase or unit tax fslami about esslami burden and social loss leaving adverse effects on income level, firm costs, and inflation leading to welfare reduction.

According to some Muslim authors, Islamic taxation is so defined: In Islamic Sharia, there are other payments obligatory or supererogatory much resembling tax but are not considered as tax because government does not collect them or law does not make them compulsory.

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Index of /nemoone soal/Andishe eslami 2

Zakat The word zakat in Arabic comes from the root Zakawa meaning to grow and to purify. In a comparison of the Islamic system andoshe taxation with other secular systems, we can highlight the features and effects of Islamic tax in overall human life conditions.

A severe problem in taxation is the possibility of transfer of tax burden to other people rather than those originally charged with as a method of escape. The main purpose of taxation in Islam is to prevent poverty, promote economic justice, and provide well being for the deprived. Historically speaking, Muslims made their obligatory anfishe such as zakat willfully, freely, and voluntarily. Since the advent of state, statesmen needed money to run the government.

Sometimes, we classify them on the basis of the items liable to taxation. This decreases the cost of tax collection considerably.

Tax on revenue includes zakat on wheat, barley, date, and raisin; 2. There are two kinds of zakat; Fitr zakat eslqmi possession zakat. The second immutable tax is called khoms.

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The Koran defines this kind of taxation in verse no. The rich get acquainted with hardship the poor undergo and the poor come to personally know their fellow benefactors. This way of escaping tax is easier and more common in indirect taxes. Utilization of eslwmi resources such as mining, diving for voluble natural stones and treasures plays a significant role in imposition of tax. Sometimes, the non-Muslim inhabitants entered into a peace agreement with the Muslim army.

We can sum up these positive effects in the following respects: A religious person evaluates escaping religious tax as a sin while a law-abiding person considers tax evasion as illegal only. In a general division, we may divide Islamic taxes into two main groups; the immutable and the mutable. Progressive tax is not legislated in Islam. They are espami and exceptional. Since a Muslim considers his tax payment an act of worship, he normally needs no external watch to see whether he discharges his debt.

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The Islamic religion pays close attention to zakat. As the result, the increase in total demand and supply in the entire economy as a whole reaches equilibrium at a higher level. This type of land was called conquest or maftuhato onwatan.

The tax imposed must be proportionate to the buying power of tax payers. This money was made in different ways. Regional rulers were forced to pay tribute [3].

It was customary for the Islamic state to give the latter three types of land to individuals for rent and receive an amount as kharaj.

This group includes the following items: Tax on property wealth includes zakat on gold and silver; 3. In the secular systems of taxation, however, redistribution of wealth and adjustment of share are not included in the objectives of taxation and if they are in some very rare cases, they can be carried out by the government rather than people. Canadian House of Wisdom. In all these cases, there is a fixed amount due to be paid.

It constitutes a very important source of income for Islamic state throughout history. In the Islamic taxation system, tax payment andishd initially voluntary.

Therefore, it does not affect the overall demand or bring about collateral economic bad effects such as inflation.

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